bookmark_borderYou May Think That Your Home Computer Network Is As Safe As Bug In A Rug It Is Not

Submitted by: William Piker

You may think that your home computer internet network is as safe as a bug in a rug . After all your Linksys or D-Link brand or another popular brand offers state of the art security features. Perhaps you have the standard WEP 64, or the safe as the banks WEP 128 encryption format. Perhaps you have even gone one step further to the ultra newer safe WPA router data security formats or even to greater security heights.

Your computer network is ultra secure. Or so you think and have beer reassured. Perhaps you have even had a computer security professional do the setup and maintenance,

And yet your personal data or banking information may be stolen. Your children may be directed to bad internet sites or worse. Your windows security updates may be compromised leaving your computer and network open to wide and wider scale attacks on your computer. Your confidential passwords whether they are for email, medical, airline or even banking may be compromised or stolen. Finally your computer may be utilized as a zombie in large scale denial of service attacks on the internet. Your computer and many thousands of other may be set, waiting patiently for long periods of time, to be activated as a sleeper agent. Which along with many thousand of other remote computers are set on secret activation to altogether overwhelm some target whether it be government computers, the CNN online news network or whatever?

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VaqjTyOwKcQ[/youtube]

How are all of these threats possible? Computer security is always a case of cat and mouse with human ingenuity always at the root of the game. The hackers do this.

The computer security network react to fix the security hole it issue whether it be Microsoft, Apple Computer or the Computer Hardware of Computer Hardware accessories manufacturers . And then the computer hackers think of an alternate means of attack.

In this case, even though it apparently seems that even though your wireless or simple cabled non wireless computer network has another gaping security hole. Home routers are at risk of being compromised by remote hackers. As a result of innocently or inadvertently visiting web pages malicious standard java script type software can access the controls of your home router and reset the controls inside the router to cause you big trouble.

Your router can be set to visit certain sites instead of where you wish to go. This may be simply to redirect you to sites containing advertising of the villain s daily choice. You may be taken inadvertently to websites which in a flash download further viscous and mean software, on a regular basis. Or even worse you may be taken to fake sites which are not what they represent. For example you may well type in the bank of America http://bankofamerica.com website. You may even have searched the name by Google. You will think you are being directed to this banking website where you enter your account name and password only to discover you cannot access your account because you are a bogus copy of the front page of that website whose purpose is to steal your banking account and passwords.

The answer to this security problem is simple. Simply change the administration password in your router from the default out of the box, out of the manual and factory to anything else.

As a result the malicious java script will not be able to unlock and enter your router and do its damage. The simple answer to these router security issues and securing your router firmly is to easily and simply change the administration password on your router whether it is wireless or a wired router. Now your home computer network and router will be safe from this threat.

About the Author: Max A. Rubin

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bookmark_borderAcne: Going Through Hormonal Changes? Beware Of Acne!

Submitted by: Joey River

Acne is more than just skin deep, there are more than one causes for acne and one of the most top rated is hormonal changes. Changes in hormones can be due to puberty or due to changes after age 30 or even during menopause can cause mild to severe acne, depending on your body constitution.

Teenagers with highest amount of hormonal activity going on in the body are most susceptible to acne. Not just the hormonal activity but eating habits of teenagers and general hygiene are other reasons that are likely to boost the acne.

It is very much necessary therefore, that acne should be taken care of earliest when signs start showing, and acne ignored for a long time can result into pimples that may leave ugly scars on skin, especially on face. Scars always stay on for a life time, unless exceptionally good quality skin that cures scars.

How does hormone activity result into acne formation? Highly active hormones, start processes which the body does not do normally, this also includes secretion of extra oil by skin glands. If the skin is not being kept clean enough, dead cells end up blocking skin pores. Extra oil secreted gets blocked inside skin pores because of the dead cells and results into acne.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-WtbTik3XQ[/youtube]

Acne can then develop into various different stages that require to be taken care of more than you might require to get rid of acne. Acne might be noticeable sometimes, it becomes more obvious after it starts forming into white heads or black heads, taking care of acne at this stage often helps clear the pores and avoid the heads turning into pimples.

If proper care to remove black heads and white heads is not taken acne formation might run deeper and for pimples, which can do both, either make your face look ugly or leave scars.

There are certain home remedies you can do to take care of acne, these home remedies are very simple to follow and do, and in fact you can even include these remedies in your daily routine. Firstly, it is very important to take care of your skin especially those parts which are constantly exposed like your face. It is important to use a cleanser or exfoliating soap so that your skin pores remain open allowing oil to come out easily.

Secondly, you can try and remove any and all makeup you apply all day long so that makeup does not block your skin pores. Thirdly, take care of your diet, drink ample of water; eat healthy foods, including vegetables and all those foods that are rich in fiber. You can also start eating healthy amounts of salads for each meal. Avoid spicy and oily or fatty foods. Junk food too is strictly avoidable.

Fourthly, though dandruff is just one of the causes of skin problems, dandruff can keep on falling on skin and cause blockage of pores. This blockage too can lead to acne and later pimples. So taking care of your hair and getting rid of dandruff is necessary too.

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bookmark_borderThe Role Of Public Relations In Branding}

The Role Of Public Relations In Branding

by

Sanjay Kapoor

Public Relations (PR) is a domain concerned with maintaining a public image for businesses, non-profit organizations or high-profile people. The brand image of a company depends on the way the company is presented to the clients, to the press. PR agencies in Surrey play a pivotal role in raising profile of clients in the press, online, on radio and on TV.

Public Relations are basically the practice of managing communication between an organization and its target audience. Public relations provide an organization or individual exposure to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that provide a third-party endorsement. Common PR activities include speaking at conferences, working with the media, crisis communications and social media engagement, and employee communication.

PR agencies in Surrey have expertise and solid background in traditional and online PR. The PR agencies work closely with companies to get them coverage to reach the target audience.

PR agencies in Surrey specialize in different domains such as:

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Media Relations

Reputation Management

Community Action

Press Releases

Newsletter and Brochure Writing

Crisis Management Promotions

Partnerships

Sponsorship

Events

Media Training

Often these agencies advise on websites and write blogs and articles for the clients in the leading magazines of Surrey. PR agencies in Surrey play a major role in brand building. The PR agencies follow strategies that help to enhance the brand image of a company. Different communication channels are used to reach the target audience and get the message of the company conveyed in the right manner and at the right time.

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The Role Of Public Relations In Branding
}

bookmark_borderThe Life Of A Bomb Sniffing Dog

The Life of a Bomb-Sniffing Dog

by

Ron Ayalon

They are every day heroes that often get overlooked. Sure, we respect, appreciate, and admire people who keep us safe like police officers and fire fighters, but what about their dogs? Members of K-9 units who are trained to seek out explosives with their noses help keep us safe in airports, schools, and other public locations. Police and security dogs play a vital role in protecting us and it takes a lot of time, effort, and money to train and work with such a dog. So, what do these dogs do and how did they get to be such important members of police and security forces?

Who Uses Bomb-Sniffing Dogs?

If you have flown anywhere in the last eleven years since the tragic events that took place on September 11, 2001, you know how tight security is at airports. The threat of terrorist attacks has led to the Transportation Security Administration, or TSA, to beef up security to unprecedented levels over the last decade. In addition to screening by TSA employees and the use of high tech scanners, the TSA also utilizes K-9 teams to find explosives. With just their noses, these dogs can detect even trace amounts of substances used in bombs.

The high-security of an airport is not the only place where these talented dogs help us, though. Local and state police forces employ bomb-sniffing dogs as well. When there is a possible bomb threat, these brave dogs and handlers comb the affected area to determine the viability of the threat.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dv_gOBi8Wpk[/youtube]

Where Do These Dogs Come From?

Different organizations have different sources for acquiring their bomb-sniffing dogs, but in most cases, they start with puppies. According to their website, the TSA breeds, raises, and trains their own puppies to become working dogs. They say that half of all their puppies become successful working bomb dogs. Those who don t make the cut are adopted out to loving families.

Other police organizations have various ways of acquiring their working dogs. They either purchase puppies that are carefully selected from a breeder or they purchase puppies from a company that breeds, raises, and begins training of puppies. Not often enough, but occasionally, a dog may be selected from a rescue organization or shelter.

What Kinds of Dogs are Used?

Most police forces and the TSA prefer to use certain breeds of dogs whose temperaments and abilities make them good working dogs. German Shepherd Dogs and Belgian Malinois have long been used by police for various roles. As bomb-sniffing dogs, they work well because they have an excellent sense of smell, they are intelligent, and they are eager to work for their partner. Other breeds that are sometimes used include Labrador retrievers, golden retrievers, and Belgian Sheepdogs. Many people believe that police and security forces could also make use of mutts rescued from shelters, but they rarely do so.

How are They Trained?

Bomb-sniffing dogs often start out their training as puppies. The TSA has a training facility in Texas where they use volunteer families to foster the puppies. These families begin the puppy s training by socializing them and giving them basic obedience. When they are old enough, the dog is paired with a human partner and begins real training. The dog learns to sniff for explosives at Lackland Air Force Base in Texas. They learn through a basic process called operant conditioning. This means that when the dog responds to an explosive smell, he receives a reward. Some dogs like a treat for a reward; others prefer a toy. After much repetition, the dog learns to react in a certain way to the smell of explosives. When working, the dog will react, get a reward, and his partner knows where the explosives are.

The next time you see a member of the K-9 unit, ask if it s okay to pet this hero. Thank him or her, with a scratch on the chin or a pat on the head, for detecting bombs and for keeping us safe in myriad situations.

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bookmark_borderBasics About Obtaining Dui Bail Bonds In Minnesota

byAlma Abell

If a loved one has been arrested for a DUI, you may be wondering if you can help them get out of jail by purchasing a bond. While many people know these bonds exist, if you have never needed one before, you may not know exactly how they work or when you will need one. Below is some information you’re going to need to know if you’re interested in DUI Bail Bonds in Minnesota.

Do I Need to Get a Bond?

No, you do not need to get a bond. However, without a bond, you will need to pay the full amount of bail to the jail. Either of these will allow the person to be released from jail until their hearings are completed, so the decision is up to you and may depend on your financial situation.

How Much Will the Bond Cost?

Typically, the fees for obtaining a bond are 10% of the bail amount. For larger bail amounts, you %.

Are There Any Stipulations With a Bond?

The person or their legal representative must attend all hearings. If they miss a hearing, the contract will be considered breached, or broken. There may be several stipulations in the contract, so you will want to clarify this before you obtain the bond.

What Happens if the Contract is Broken?

If the person misses a hearing or the contract is otherwise broken, you will either have to pay the remaining 90% or you will forfeit the collateral. The person will also have a bench warrant issued for their arrest and will need to return to jail until their hearings are complete. Talk to your bondsman for more details about what could happen in your specific case.

These are just a few of the questions you may have if you’re looking into DUI Bail Bonds in Minnesota to help a loved one who’s been arrested. For more specific information relating to a specific situation, talk to a local bondsman today. To find the right bondsman, check the BBB (Better Business Bureau) and reviews for the companies you’re interesting in working with.

bookmark_borderEmployee Wellness Program

Are Employee Wellness Programs needed?

It can not only cause physical and mental problems but also emotional, cognitive, and behavioral implications.

Fast-paced lives and ever-increasing competition puts the employees under a great deal of pressure. The problem gets compounded by the lack of good health and wellness programs at the workplace.

Is the Lack of Wellness Programs for Employees Alarming?

Research shows a direct correlation between mental & physical well-being.

  1. A variety of reasons are responsible for low workplace morale and reduced employee productivity. Like job insecurity, the race for rewards and recognition, bullying or harassment at the workplace, and job dissatisfaction and work-life imbalance. Ignoring these issues can have adverse impacts on the employee’s work-life balance as well.

  1. The global economy registers a $1000 Tn loss because of mental health disorders every year. 43% reported employees in the corporate sector are suffering from depression or anxiety issues. Data suggest a four-fold return on investment for every $1 invested in mental health.

  1. But there is an urgent need to take into account the health benefits of addressing mental health issues as well. Healthy competition and social bonding activities between team members at the workplace are just as crucial for a good working environment.

Counselling & Therapy are known to be quite effective tools in improving mental wellbeing. It helps with a variety of challenges most of us face like workplace pressure, anxiety, or depression. Employee wellness programs help a great deal in increasing productivity and help employees build resilient coping mechanisms.

Benefits of Employee Wellness Programs(Infographics)

Global statistics show 91% of employees feel motivated and focused at work if their companies prioritize workplace wellness. Where more than 60% of employees also switched to healthier lifestyle choices because of their company’s employee wellness program.

More than 60% of surveyed employers assured the effectiveness of Employee Wellness Programs. It helped bring down employee absenteeism due to health-related issues by 27%. And kept them engaged and enticed to stay on. As well piqued the interest of potential applicants to come onboard. Employers affirmed it also reduced their health insurance and health care costs.

Implementation of workplace wellness programs in India shows a staggering 86% improvement concerning the emotional well-being of employees. A happier individual is a highly productive employee contributing better to the company’s goals. Workplace wellness India has provided a strong foundation to build healthier workplace relationships with more adhesive teams. Resulting in a more professional and employee healthy environment and even reduced attrition rates, a win for both employers and employees.

How can we help with Employee Wellness?

Goodlives.in brings to you a concrete solution to address your employees’ health and help them inculcate healthy behaviors in their work environment. Our employee wellness program has features like Multimodal Support, webinars, workshops, mental health courses, evaluation tests, and In-depth Analytics.

  1. Our services are accessible through all virtual channels like audio/video calls and Emails. Multimodal support helps you start the conversation about mental health at your workplace. Also making it hassle-free from the resource crunch issues.

  1. In Workshops our best Psychologists will talk about health education and its benefits. And address the workplace issues like stress, burnout & productivity loss.

  1. Workshops will improve team bonding and employee engagement through uniquely designed interactive Art & Music therapy.

  1. Our mental health courses will provide you a platform to educate your employees about mental health. With Instructor-led courses verified by certified Psychologists and Psychiatrists for corporates.

  1. Our tailor-made Evaluation tests will determine the level of stress and other mental health-related risks among your employees. And will provide you detailed health risk assessments of Employee wellness through quarterly reporting.

  1. We at Goodlives.in aim to provide you with a customized employee wellness program built to address the pressing needs of your organization. In-depth Analytics will measure the pre and post insights data to gauge the impact of the wellness program.

Our 26 plus countries’ presence enables us to reach out to diverse communities and individuals. We are proud of a positive impact on more than 2 lakh lives globally. With around 5 lakh plus impressions so far on social media, we are looking for greater connectivity with our clients.

We first and foremost listen to you without asking for the standard sign-up procedure upfront. Our Employee Wellness Program provides you with 24*7 therapist support mapped to your requirements. Diverse therapy forms like music and expressive art are prominently featured to improve self-understanding and emotional expression. Our employee wellness program provides you a confidential platform with queer affirmative therapists.

bookmark_borderForex Trading System Grab The Opportunity

Consider the fact that Forex traders are stating returns on their investment as high as 50 to 70 per cent to understand why so many people are interested in the field. Exciting, informative, challenging and well paying, a Forex trading system is ideal for people who have the right mindset to play big and careful. Since there is no limit about the minimum investment for small players, this field attracts investors of all types many of who move out after burning their fingers. The committed ones try different strategies and continue and earn to make it big and avoid scams.

Practice sessions

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5zIEIwaG6E[/youtube]

For the cautious, there are vendors of Forex trading system who allow a future customer to try a hand at trading and seeing the possible returns before deciding to commit to this mode of work. When you try these schemes, keep an eye out for different schemes that make claims of huge returns. Weigh the returns you have made with these claims and find out how it is possible for such high returns to happen.

Expected returns

Regardless of what many others say, a Forex trading system that provides you with returns that are higher than the current rate on a fixed deposit or an equity investment can be considered good. Though there are claims of huge returns, most of these happen with big traders who are associated with large brokers or banks. They make it their life business to be in touch with the rates of their currencies and do not need to depend on external sources of information. So, if you are a small trader, if you have a windfall gain, count that as a one-off situation and continue.

Scams To Be Aware Of

Big scams have offered returns in the range of 100% and above to gullible players in Forex trading system. It helps to know that in this field when one trader makes a profit, it is at the cost of another trader’s. Another type of scam occurs when a large broker puts forth a high returns promise to investors. Even if the amount to be invested is $100, if thousands of people go ahead and enrol for this type of offer, the broker is at a huge profit. Go through the background of how earlier scams have worked and be cautious of unnatural claims.

Avoiding Scams

When you are told to send money or invest upfront, step back from the Forex trading system that you are in touch with. Unscrupulous brokers are able to attract investments with schemes that sound too good to be true. They promise higher than normal returns and are able to hoodwink people with their claims. Though it is possible you come across such people in the course of your work, continue the conversation but do not send any money. When a small investment is promising you whopping returns in a short time frame, keep away from it. Stay within the limit of conservative returns to be able to sustain a long innings in the field.

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bookmark_borderGlucose (Urine) Tests Drug

How the Drug WorksGlucose does not normally appear in the urine, but when too much glucose builds up in the blood, the excess spills over from the kidney into the urine where it can be detected by specially designed plastic test strips and reagent tablets containing chemicals which detect glucose in urine. Color changes occur according to the amount of sugar present. Regular monitoring of glucose levels aids in the control of diabetes. It will help determine medication, exercise and dietary needs and help decrease complications (eg, kidney and eye problems) and problems during pregnancy. Ketones appear in the urine when the body breaks down body fats to use as a source of energy or food. This can occur in fasting individuals, out­of-control diabetics and individuals on starvation diets. Proteins in the urine may be an early sign of kidney disease. UsesTo detect glucose in urine. To aid diabetics in monitoring medication regimens, diet and exercise programs. To help prevent the development of complications and problems during pregnancy. Avoid contact with skin, mucous membranes or clothing. If contact occurs, flush the affected area with large amounts of water. If test strips, tape, or tablets are eaten or rubbed in the eyes, contact your doctor or local poison control center immediately. If eaten, do not induce vomiting; instead, drink large amounts of water or milk. If contact with the eyes occurs, flush with water for 15 minutes. Get prompt medical attention. Specimen Collection and Handling: Collect fresh urine in a clean, dry container and test as soon as possible. (An alternate method is to pass the test strips directly through the urine stream). If testing cannot be done within an hour after collection, refrigerate. Let it return to room temperature before testing. Prolonged exposure of unpreserved urine to room temperature (59° to 86°F) may result in bacterial contamination and bacterial consumption of the glucose. Urine preservatives may also affect the accuracy of test results. Storage and Handling: For bottled strips-Store at room temperature (59° to 86 F). Do not store the bottle in direct sunlight. Protect from light, heat, and moisture. Keep unused test strips in the original bottle with the cap tightly closed. Always replace the cap immediately and tightly. A new bottle of test strips can be used for 6 months after first being opened. Always write the date you first opened the bottle on the bottle label. Do not use the product after the expiration date. Use of strips beyond the expiration date may yield inaccurate test results. Never transfer strips to another bottle. Do not remove drying agent from the bottle. The agent absorbs moisture and keeps the strips dry. Never put cotton or other materials in the bottle. If test areas are discolored or darkened, throw the strip away and use a strip from a new bottle. For tablets – Tablets have prolonged stability in the unopened container if stored at room temperature between 59° and 86°F. Do not refrigerate. Do not store in direct sunlight. Once the bottle is opened, protect from moisture. Excessive moisture may cause a chemical reaction and a bottle explosion may occur. Use tablets on a regular basis and do not store for extended periods of time after the bottle is opened. Recap the bottle tightly immediately after removing a tablet. Tablets in foil must be used immediately upon opening. Protect tablets from light, heat and moisture. Do not open the bottle in a steamy bathroom. Moisture causes tablets to turn a deeper shade of blue. If tablets darken or if test results seem questionable or inconsistent with expected findings: Confirm that product is within expiration date shown on label or foil. Check performance with a positive control. If proper result is not obtained, discard and retest with a fresh tablet. Tablets: Sugars other than glucose will cause a positive test result. These sugars include: Lactose, fructose, galactose, and pentose. Ketones: High levels of ketones may cause false positive test results for urine containing small amounts of glucose. Drug InteractionsTell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking or planning to take any over­the-counter or prescription medication or dietary supplements while testing for urine glucose. The following drugs and drug classes may interact with the test to cause questionable results: Aspirin (large amounts) Riboflavin Nalidixic acid (Neg Gram) Sulfa drugs (eg, sulfonamides) Nitrofurantoin (eg, Furadantin) Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Phenazopyridine (eg, Pyridium) Guidelines for UseFollow instructions on the label exactly. Glucose is not normally detected in urine. Monitor urine for glucose and ketones as prescribed. Monitor urine ketones if your blood glucose level has been greater than 300 mg/dL for 2 consecutive blood glucose determinations. Blood glucose monitoring is recommended to achieve normal blood sugar levels. Keep track of your blood glucose results so that adjustments in your treatment program can be made more easily. Participate in a thorough diabetes education program so that you understand diabetes and all aspects of its treatment, including diet, exercise, personal hygiene, and how to self-monitor blood or urine glucose. Diabetics – Monitor glucose: When you have a cold, the flu or any other kind of illness. When you “feel” the signs of high blood sugar (more than 240 mg/dL) or when your blood sugar is well over the range your doctor has set for you (if you do blood glucose monitoring). When you are under unusual physical or emotional stress. During pregnancy after a testing pattern has been established with your doctor or educator. Have all the materials you need before beginning the test: Test strips, timer (stopwatch or watch with a second hand), and a clean dry container. Color vision is needed to properly read test results. Have someone else confirm the test results if in doubt. If test results seem questionable, check expiration date on the label, repeat the test using a new test strip or tablet and a fresh urine specimen. If your are unable to identify the cause of a low or high test result, contact your doctor or diabetes educator. Know the symptoms of hypergly cemia (high blood sugar), which include thirst, hunger and frequent and excessive urination and those of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which include trembling, sweating, blurred vision, rapid heartbeat, and tingling or numbness around mouth or fingertips. Individuals with high uric acid, bilirubin cholesterol, triglyceride, or hematocrit levels may have lowered glucose levels. Diabetes education may be obtained through your local chapter of the American Diabetes Association. Some of these items can cause burns. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and clothing. Keep away from children.

bookmark_borderBet On Sports And Learn The Tips To Be Successful

Yes, it would not be impossible to get a regular income from betting on your favorite sport whenever you have a spare time or during weekends, but only if you know what exactly you are doing. So, to help you be successful, here are some tips you can follow when betting on any sports game.

Bet on Sports Tip #1: Decide which sports event you would like to make a bet on. Choose a sport where you think you have your edge and you feel passionate about. It is important that you fully understand the sports you are into in order to make a right decision.

Bet on Sports Tip #2: Determine which place you would like to place your bet. The most convenient way would probably betting on an online sportsbook site just be careful which one to deal. You will find many of these online sportsbook sites on the internet, and you have to check which one is a reliable and trusted site by knowing the history or reading sites review or testimonials from their other existing members.

Bet on Sports Tip #3: Know what type of bet to make. It can be a money line bet, point spread bet, totals, proposition bets and so on. Keep your bet simple, and never attempt to make three or more bets so you could just focus on your first bet. Dont also be enticed into making complicated bets such as parlays on the promise of a high payoff if the bet wins most especially if you are just beginner as it can only make you confused. Ideally, stick with straightforward bets such as straights or point spreads.

Bet on Sports Tip #4: More than searching for reliable sports betting sites, it is also important that you find one that offers the best odds. Shop around. These betting odds can help you get higher winnings and payouts.

Bet on Sports Tip #5: Learn how to handicap the game. Take advantage of all the resources where you can get valuable information. Do your homework and study everything you can about the teams playing as this can help you predict the outcome of the game. There are many factors that can affect the result of the game, from the personal situation of a team’s star player, to the team’s performance when they’re not playing on their home turf. Learn also the past performaces of the players and their statistics, the climate condition on the day the game is to be played, and even the type of field or the location the game is played on. When it comes to the world of betting, knowledge is a power. The more you know, the more accurately you can handicap the game.

bookmark_borderStuttering And Speech Therapy Ideas

Stuttering (or stammering) is a voice disfluency, a speech disorder. When a person stutters, the normal flow of speech is disrupted by repetitions and/or prolongations of voice sounds. Frequently, an individual is also unable to start a word.

Child stuttering, toddler stuttering and adult stuttering are themes being studied by many scientists and speech specialists all around the world. The Stuttering Foundation of America, the National Stuttering Association, the National Center for Stuttering and individual speech therapists in general are all investigating why people stutter and finding effective and fast speech therapies.

Nevertheless, even though scientists have several theories and suspect a variety of causes for stuttering, the precise mechanisms causing this disability (also called stammering) are not understood. Some believe that many forms have genetic origins.

A common form of stuttering is neurogenic. Neurogenic stuttering arise from signal problems between the brain and nerves or muscles. In neurogenic stuttering, the brain is unable to adequately coordinate the different components of speech mechanism.

The disruptions of speech may be accompanied by tremors of the lips and/or jaw, rapid eye blinks and other movements. This disorder commonly becomes more severe when speaking in front of a group of people or on the phone. On the other hand, speaking alone and singing might generally improve it or disappear completely.

Over three million Americans stutter. Stuttering affects all ages, but most frequently, children between the ages of 2 and 6 are the most affected. Preschool and toddler stuttering are especially affected while they are developing their language. When they grow up, most of them improve or cure. One percent or less of adults stutters.

Many famous people stutter. Marilyn Monroe, Bruce Willis, Winston Churchill and Mel Tillis are only a few whose success was not impeded by stuttering. Their speech language issue did not stop them to excel and express themselves magnificently.

With these encoraging news about famous people succeeding in spite of their common issue, I end part 1 of these series of articles. Much more information can be found at a site dedicated to stuttering problems and resources, as well as a library of speech language pathology.

This is the end of Part 1 of Stuttering and speech therapy ideas. On next chapters I will be writing about different and effective therapies developed lately by researchers on the field of stammering or speech language pathology.